Few things are more appealing than an inviting deck or wood siding that's been properly stained. Karl Remson, a residential painter with 35 years experience, offers information on various stain types.

Waterproofing sealers and protectors: Either clear or containing a slight tint, these solutions enable the true characteristics of wood to emerge. "The main advantage of these finishes when compared to paint is that the sealers work into the wood fibers, instead of just coating the surface," Karl explains. "Therefore, breakdowns associated with paint, such as blistering or peeling, don't occur." Also, these solutions generally contain some form of mildewcide, which keeps wood dry by slowing the rate of water absorption. "Waterproofing sealers are great for decks, siding, and just about any wood surface above ground," notes Karl. He also stresses that over time (two to five years), they lose their effectiveness and must be reapplied.

Oil-based penetrating stains: Also called semitransparent stains, these products are waterproofing sealers that contain pigments. "The addition of color protects the wood surface from sunlight, which increases the finish's durability," Karl explains. "Also, semitransparent stains can be used on new, weathered, smooth or rough-sawn construction without extensive surface preparation." Likewise, this type can be applied to wood previously covered with other penetrating finishes and will last two to three years.

Nonpenetrating stains: "These products, as indicated by their name, don't penetrate wood; instead they form an outer layer like paint," says Karl. Why would you choose this finish? "Simple--you get the benefits of both," he points out. While not as concealing as paint, these solutions hide more imperfections than penetrating stains. However these finishes require that weathered or previously finished wood be fully sanded, power washed, or chemically stripped. The following types fall into this group.

Latex semitransparent stain: Typically forming a thin surface layer, this type of nonpenetrating stain doesn't hold up very long to direct exposure to the elements. "Their use should be limited to places relatively protected from the weather, such as on a covered porch," he says.

Latex and oil-based opaque stains: These products are solid color stains that form a thick film on wood, while allowing the grain to show through. Latex opaques are superior to oil-based ones in that they hold their color well and are less likely to mildew.

What You Gain With Stains

• "Preparing and cleaning your wood surfaces before applying a stain are key," painter Karl Remson stresses. "For new construction, such as a deck, I recommend that the wood be given a chance to weather about two to three weeks before adding a protective finish. On existing surfaces, be sure to completely remove old varnish and paint layers."
• Although stains can be applied with a brush, roller, or sprayer, Karl prefers using a brush because this method permits stains to penetrate wood more evenly. As with any substance, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions for proper application, especially in regard to outdoor temperature requirements.
• To prevent lap marks on trim or siding, follow the grain of the wood for the full length of the board without stopping. Also, stir all pigmented stains frequently during application to maintain uniform color.

A Personal Invitation In our upcoming September issue, we will be highlighting the winners of our 2003 Southern Home Awards. We're proud of each entry, along with this annual program, which is in its 16th year of celebrating the best homes from around the South. If you're interested in receiving a brochure detailing the 2004 Southern Home Awards entry criteria, please send a self-addressed, stamped, business-size envelope to: Southern Home Awards, Southern Living, 2100 Lakeshore Drive, Birmingham, AL 35209. Keep in mind that the entry deadline is October 31, 2003. We look forward to hearing from you and to sponsoring another successful year of award-winning designs. (Note: Winning entries will be featured in the September 2004 issue.)